Masking

Masking is the tactical art of using terrain to conceal military vehicles and positions from enemy detection. A tank crew that positions its vehicle behind a ridge, exposing only the turret and gun to engage targets while the hull remains protected behind the crest, is using a hull-down position, one of the most basic and effective forms of masking. Helicopters use terrain masking extensively, flying in valleys and behind ridgelines to avoid radar detection and anti-aircraft fire.

Effective masking requires detailed knowledge of the terrain and an understanding of the enemy's observation capabilities. A position that provides masking from ground-level observation may be fully exposed to aerial surveillance or overhead thermal imaging. Modern digital terrain maps and GPS allow commanders to plan routes and positions that exploit terrain masking against specific threat systems.

The principle of masking extends beyond physical terrain. Electronic masking involves using terrain features to block radar signals, while smoke screens and obscurants create temporary visual masks. Attack helicopters are specifically trained in terrain masking techniques, popping up from behind terrain to engage targets with missiles before ducking back into cover, a tactic that was central to Cold War anti-armor doctrine and remains relevant today.