What Are the Qualifications for Joining the US Military?

Each branch of the United States Armed Forces has specific qualifications for enlistment. While requirements vary by branch, all share common baseline standards for citizenship, age, education, aptitude, and physical fitness.

Citizenship Requirements

To enlist in any branch of the US military, you must be either:

• A US citizen, or
• A legal permanent resident (green card holder) living in the United States

Non-citizens cannot hold jobs requiring security clearances until they become citizens. Military service can expedite the naturalization process.

Age Requirements by Branch

Age limits vary significantly between branches:

• Army: 17-35 years old
• Navy: 17-39 years old
• Air Force: 17-39 years old
• Marine Corps: 17-28 years old
• Coast Guard: 17-31 years old
• Space Force: 17-39 years old

Applicants aged 17 require parental consent. Age waivers may be available in some cases.

Education Requirements

All branches prefer high school graduates:

• High school diploma: Required for most enlistees
• GED: Accepted with limitations (higher ASVAB scores often required)
• Home school diplomas: Accepted if state-certified
• College degrees: May qualify for advanced rank or officer programs

ASVAB Test Requirements

The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) measures aptitude for military service. Minimum AFQT (Armed Forces Qualification Test) scores by branch:

• Army: 31
• Navy: 35
• Air Force: 36
• Marine Corps: 32
• Coast Guard: 40
• Space Force: 36

Higher scores unlock more job options and potential bonuses.

Physical Fitness Standards

Each branch has its own fitness test, but all assess:

• Cardiovascular endurance: Running, swimming, or rowing
• Muscular strength: Push-ups, pull-ups, or similar exercises
• Core strength: Sit-ups, crunches, or planks

Recruits should train well before enlisting. Meeting minimums isn't enough for success in basic training.

Medical Requirements

All applicants undergo medical evaluation at MEPS (Military Entrance Processing Station). Common disqualifying conditions include:

• Uncorrectable vision or hearing problems
• Chronic conditions (asthma, diabetes, epilepsy)
• Significant mental health diagnoses
• Current drug or alcohol dependency
• Certain allergies or skin conditions

Medical waivers may be available depending on the condition and branch.

Background and Moral Requirements

Background checks review:

• Criminal history: Felonies typically disqualify; some misdemeanors require waivers
• Drug use: Recent use may disqualify or require waiting periods
• Financial history: Affects security clearance eligibility
• Tattoos: Policies vary by branch

Next Steps

To begin the enlistment process:

1. Contact a recruiter for your preferred branch
2. Take the ASVAB at a local testing center or MEPS
3. Complete medical examination at MEPS
4. Select your job (MOS/AFSC/rating)
5. Sign enlistment contract and ship to basic training

For Marine-specific requirements, see our detailed guide on requirements to join the Marines.